EMC EMI for power module radiated emission conducted emission standard for EMC EMI
1.0 Introduction
Designing for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is one of the most difficult challenges for electronic systemdesigners. Almost all-electronic equipment is required to meet one or more EMC standards at the system orproduct level. One of the most challenging subsystems when speaking about EMC is the power supply or in thiscase the dc/dc power module. All modern dc/dc converters are composed of one or more switching stagescontaining both pulsed voltages and currents, which generate a broad noise spectrum resulting in electromag-netic interference (EMI).
This application note will give an overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI), the different standards and reg-ulations, how these standards and regulations relate to dc/dc power modules, suggestions for external filteringsolutions, and suggested layout and grounding practices.
The first step in designing systems for EMI compliance is to understand that the different standards and regula-tions do not directly apply to the dc/dc power module but to the overall system. Regardless, understanding andminimizing the emissions emanating from the power module is a good beginning to EMI system compliance.
2.0 General Overview
Electromagnetic interference (more commonly known as EMI) refers to how different sets of electronic equipmentinteract with each other, usually in a negative manner. The recent advances in semiconductor devices and large-scale integration has dramatically reduced the size of electronic equipment while increasing the probability forelectromagnetic interference between the different systems and subsystems. Today's electronic designers mustmake sure their solutions work in an environment of high EMI. It is not practical to ask new product designersto test their equipment under all conditions and possible end-user configurations, therefore strict emissions regu-lations have been established. In the United States the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates theuse of radio and wire communications. Part of its responsibility concerns the control of electromagnetic inter-ference. The standards for the allowed levels of electromagnetic emissions are outlined in part 15 of the FCCrules and regulations. These rules apply to almost all-electronic equipment. Under these rules, limits are placedon the maximum allowable radiated emissions in the frequency range between 30 to 1000 MHz and on themaximum allowable conducted emissions on the AC power line in the frequency range of 0.450 to 30 MHz. Radiated Emissions
Radiated emissions refer to interference that is coupled through the air. It is the belief of the FCC that at fre-quencies below 30 MHz the primary cause of EMI occurs by allowing RF to flow through the AC power lineswhere it subsequently radiates into neighboring equipment (conducted emissions).
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